The Nuchal Translucency (NT) scan is a specialized ultrasound performed between 11 and 14 weeks of pregnancy to measure the fluid at the back of the baby's neck. It helps assess the risk of chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome. It’s important for early risk assessment and planning further testing if necessary.

An anomaly scan, typically performed around 18 to 20 weeks, is a detailed ultrasound that checks for structural abnormalities in the fetus. It assesses organs, limbs, and overall development, helping identify potential issues that may require intervention or monitoring during pregnancy.

Fetal echocardiography (fetal echo) is a specialized ultrasound to examine the fetal heart in detail. It is usually recommended for high-risk pregnancies, such as those with a family history of congenital heart defects or other risk factors. It helps detect any heart anomalies early on.

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) and amniocentesis are both procedures used for genetic testing during pregnancy. CVS is performed between 10 and 13 weeks to collect placental tissue, while amniocentesis is done after 15 weeks to analyze amniotic fluid. Both tests assess genetic conditions, but they have different timing and techniques.

Non-Invasive Prenatal Screening (NIPS) is a blood test that analyzes fetal DNA in the mother’s bloodstream to assess the risk of certain genetic conditions, like Down syndrome. It is highly accurate, with detection rates exceeding 99% for some conditions, making it a valuable tool for early risk assessment.

Fetoscopic laser surgery is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat certain conditions in the fetus, such as twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. It involves using a laser to correct abnormal blood flow between twins. This procedure is done under local anesthesia and can improve outcomes for affected pregnancies.